El Salvador's Bitcoin Fee Problem

What you need to know today in crypto and beyond

June 25, 2021

Sponsored By:

Welcome to The Node.

If you were forwarded this newsletter and would like to receive it, sign up here.

Questions? Feedback? We'd love to hear from you! Simply reply to this email.

–Daniel Kuhn

Today's must-reads

Top Shelf

GETTING REAL: El Salvador President Nayib Bukele said Thursday the country's Bitcoin Law, which makes the cryptocurrency legal tender, will come into effect on Sept. 7. The government will use the Chivo e-wallet, which will have $30 of bitcoin preloaded for everyone who downloads the app. Meanwhile, Athena Bitcoin, operator of bitcoin ATMs, plans to set up 1,500 new cash-to-crypto machines in El Salvador, after a $1 million funding.

SMART CITY: Colombia's capital, Bogota, announced a $2.8 billion investment program to support finance blockchain companies as part of its $8 billion initiative to make the capital a "smart city." Investments of between $10 million and $50 million will be made into 100 companies that will be advised on implementing blockchain technology into their business models. The program starts Friday.

REGULATORY ADVANCES? The majority of countries overseen by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) have yet to put in place its requirements for firms that handle cryptocurrencies, according to the agency's 12-month review of the "Travel Rule." Separately, a day after Coinbase announced plans to enter the Japanese market, the country's financial regulator warned Binance it is operating in the country without permission. Finally, Robinhood's planned initial public offering (IPO) is reportedly facing delays due to its growing cryptocurrency business.

CUTTING TIES: Custodian Prime Trust ended its contract with cryptocurrency lending platform Celcius Network after its risk team raised concerns about Celcius' strategy of "endlessly rehypothecating assets." Celsius has 30 days to get off Prime Trusts' platform.

INFECTED: Monero-mining malware "Crackonosh" was found in 222,000 computers that were used for the download of illegal, torrented versions of popular video games such as NBA 2K19 and Grand Theft Auto V, a Thursday report from security company Avast found. The virus installs crypto-mining software, which has yielded its authors over $2 million worth of monero.

–Helene Braun & D.K.

A message from Nexo

Your digital assets deserve a savings account in their BEST INTEREST. Leading crypto lender Nexo treats you, your crypto and your fiat to industry-best Crypto & Fiat services, featuring:

* Up to 12% interest on digital assets, paid out daily!

* Yields available on BTC, ETH, LTC, BCH, XRP, XLM, EOS, TRX, LINK, BNB, PAXG, USDT, USDC, TUSD, PAX, DAI, HUSD, GBP and EUR.

* No minimum or maximum limits on funds deposited, offering infinite opportunities to earn.

* #ZeroFees on all transactions.

* Military-grade wallet security and top-tier insurance on all custodial assets with SOC 2 Type 2 certified crypto custodian BitGo.

Get started at nexo.io

"Most people always criticized bitcoin because it wasn't mainstream. Now that it's mainstream, people are criticizing the fact that it's mainstream."

–Miami Mayor Francis Suarez, on CoinDesk's "First Mover."

A message from CoinDesk

EIP 1559: Ethereum's Fee Market Upgrade Explained

CoinDesk Research's newest report dives into the economic impacts and investment implications of Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) 1559. At its core, the code change is designed to make transaction fees on Ethereum less volatile and more predictable.

At the same time, EIP 1559 also poses several risks to Ethereum including risks of miner capitulation or revolt, technological risk in the form of unexpected bugs, and risk of user disappointment.

In this report, CoinDesk Research gives an overview of how EIP 1559 works and its intended impact for investors, miners and users. Download the full report.

What others are writing...

Off-Chain Signals

Citigroup launches a digital asset unit within its wealth management division (The Block)
FTX will buy a stake in Stocktwits, according to unconfirmed rumors, as the company looks to expand its tokenized stock offerings (Decrypt)
Beeple, the artist behind the $69 million NFT, is having a tough time breaking into the traditional art world as he launches an art-focused new startup (WSJ)
Elon Musk and Jack Dorsey agree to talk about bitcoin at The B Word event in July (CNBC)

–D.K.

A message from Titan

Titan is excited to launch Titan Crypto, the first actively managed crypto strategy available to all U.S. investors (both accredited and non-accredited)*

The investment team at Titan conducts deep fundamental and quantitative research to identify what they believe are the highest-quality crypto assets, and actively manages a portfolio with the goal of generating outstanding returns.

Join the waitlist to get Titan Crypto for - $0 commissions, 0% advisory fee — only valid for those on the waitlist.

Join the waitlist

*At launch, Titan Crypto will be available to all U.S. residents except those with home addresses in New York.

Putting the news in perspective

The Takeaway

El Salvador's Bitcoin Fee Problem

There were two big pieces of news yesterday out of El Salvador, which – let's all say it again – will become the first country in the world to treat bitcoin as legal tender. First, the South American country set a Sept. 7 date for the activation of its new currency. In the course of the announcement, President Nayib Bukele clarified that "the use of bitcoin will be optional," which may reassure those concerned about any coercive elements of the law.

Even more interesting was the announcement early this morning that El Salvador will be distributing about $30 worth of bitcoin to any citizen who activates a new state-backed crypto wallet called Chivo. It's a serious incentive in a country where per-capita income is about $4,000 per year.

But the amount might invite skepticism if you've been paying attention to bitcoin metrics in recent months: in April, the average fee for a single bitcoin transaction peaked at just short of $63. Fees were at or near $30 for two weeks in late April, during which time $30 in a bitcoin wallet would have been prohibitively slow or expensive to use for anything.

On-chain fees have since dropped in dollar terms down to under $7 – manageable, though still historically high. Bitcoin fees fluctuate because they're effectively set by a bidding process for block space. During periods of high price volatility like April, speculators who need to move coins fast can bid prices way up. Even in more stable times, on-chain BTC average fees range from 50 cents up to $2, which is still too much for day-to-day payments in a poor country. (Credit card fees in the U.S. are roughly 2%, which to be clear is itself pretty nuts.)

These fees have often been leveraged as a critique of the Bitcoin system. At the systemic level, of course, that's absurd because fees are based on competitive bids. Saying, "Bitcoin fees are too high, look how much people are paying!" is the logical equivalent of Yogi Berra's famous quip about a popular New York restaurant: "Nobody ever goes there anymore – it's too crowded."

That said, fee competition between low-income and high-income users seems like a real issue. Luckily, users in El Salvador will have two mitigating options.

Most importantly, El Salvador's Bitcoin development partner, Jack Mallers' Strike, offers low-fee bitcoin payments through the Lightning Network. Lightning is a layer two solution that offers BTC transactions costing just fractions of a cent. For bitcoin to work as a day-to-day payments tool, Lightning is a necessity.

Remittances are a slightly different story. One of the interesting and lesser-known features of the Bitcoin network is you can choose your payment fee based on how fast you'd like a transaction settled: high-fee transactions are picked up first, but lower-fee offers usually get into a block within a few hours. So for remittances, which can sometimes be less urgent than retail payments, that's a second option.

This does raise a bunch of new questions about the El Salvador program, particularly from an educational perspective. Users in the country will have to make a new set of fairly complicated decisions about how to transact, and they deserve to have the options laid out clearly. You can be sure CoinDesk will be watching Strike and El Salvador's progress closely.

–David Z. Morris

Sponsored Content

Unique.One.Network: Expanding the value of NFTs

Artists in every genre have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdowns. Many have suffered from the physical restrictions that have been imposed, with galleries and other venues forced to close their doors. But there is now a digital solution. In January 2021, UniqueOne.Network launched its flagship community-led art marketplace, Unique.One, a next-generation decentralized NFT arts bazaar for the growing world of digital artists, creators and collectors.

The cryptocurrency movement has never been so sprawling, reaching every corner of the planet.

Crypto State by CoinDesk aims to connect with local communities to explore this movement of financial disruption and how it trickles down to every corner of the globe, from DeFi investment opportunities to alternative ways to transact and store wealth.

We're making virtual stops with audiences in Nigeria, the Middle East and Southeast Asia this year. Register for the Crypto State virtual tour.

The Chaser...

ATTENTION: Scammers have been sending fraudulent emails with links to sites disguised to look like coindesk.com. If you are in doubt about a link, type https://www.coindesk.com directly into your browser; do not copy and paste. Remember, if something seems too good to be true, it probably is.